What Is Hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by the buildup of fluid in the cavities (ventricles) deep within the brain, causing pressure and a range of symptoms, including headaches, nausea, vision problems and difficulty with balance and coordination.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke estimates that one to two of every 1,000 babies are born with hydrocephalus. Dr. Sina Rajamand and his team at Battle Born Brain and Spine in Reno, NV, offer diagnosis and treatment for this uncommon condition.

Hydrocephalus 101

Hydrocephalus gets its name from the buildup of fluid (hydro) in cavities called ventricles deep within the brain (cephalis). The excess fluid increases the size of the ventricles and puts pressure on the brain.

The condition can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in infants and adults over 60. In infants, hydrocephalus can lead to a rapid increase in head size, bulging fontanel and eyes that appear to gaze downward. In older children and adults, symptoms may include a headache, nausea, vomiting and drowsiness.

There are three main types of hydrocephalus:

1. Congenital hydrocephalus is present at birth and may be caused by genetic abnormalities or developmental disorders.
2. Acquired hydrocephalus can develop at any age due to injury, illness or other factors that affect the brain.
3. Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus that typically occurs in older adults and is characterized by a triad of symptoms: gait disturbances, urinary incontinence and dementia.

Diagnosing Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is typically diagnosed through a clinical neurological examination using brain imaging techniques and other relevant tests based on the patient’s age, symptoms and any known or suspected abnormalities in the brain or spinal cord. Dr. Rajamand will test a patient’s:

• Muscle strength and reflexes
• Coordination and balance
• Vision, eye movement, and hearing
• Mental functioning and mood

Testing to accurately diagnose hydrocephalus and rule out other conditions may include ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) and intracranial pressure monitoring.

Nevada Hydrocephalus Treatment

Treatment for hydrocephalus usually involves surgical intervention to insert a shunt, a flexible tube that helps drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to another part of the body where it can be absorbed. Individuals with shunts need ongoing monitoring and regular medical checkups. In some cases, multiple surgeries may be necessary to repair or replace a shunt over the course of a person’s life.

In some cases, an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) may be performed to create an opening in the floor of the third ventricle, allowing cerebrospinal fluid to flow out of the brain. Sometimes, this is done in conjunction with choroid plexus cauterization, which uses an electric current to burn the choroid plexus tissue to try to decrease the production of CSF.

Reno, NV, Neurosurgeon Dr. Sina Rajamand

Individuals with hydrocephalus must receive ongoing medical care to monitor and manage the condition. With proper treatment, many people with hydrocephalus are able to lead full and active lives. If you think you or someone you know may have hydrocephalus, it’s crucial to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Contact Battle Born Brain and Spine today to schedule an exam and consultation with Dr. Rajamand. We can help you live your best life in spite of a hydrocephalus diagnosis.